Cat Life Stages: Providing the Best Care for Your Cat at Any Age

When you think of cat life stages, you might think that they consist of kittenhood, adulthood and senior age. You might also think that once a cat reaches adulthood, there isn't much difference between cat care in adults and younger cats. If that's the case, you'll be surprised to learn that, according to International CatCare, cats go through six distinct life stages, all of which have their own care and feeding requirements. Keep reading to learn which of the cat life stages your cat falls into, and how you can provide your cat with the best care and nutrition for their age. Please keep in mind that some cats mature quicker than others, so it is important to check with your vet to make sure they are getting the right nutrition as they grow.

Kitten Stage (Zero to Six Months)

A kitten is the cat equivalent of a human infant. Kittens grow and develop much faster than human beings, however. During their first six months of life, a kitten will transition fairly rapidly through stages that are similar to that of a human child — from newborn to toddler to preschooler to big kid.

• Appearance: Kittens are easy to spot. They look exactly like what they are: tiny baby cats. They start out with shortened ears and a tail that grows to be more proportionate with their bodies as they mature.
• Behavior: Kittens are continually learning and discovering the world around them. In the beginning, they're helpless, relying completely on their mother and their human helpers for every aspect of their care and protection. As they grow and develop the skills to explore their environment, they are driven by curiosity. Between that, a lack of fear and an abundance of energy, kittens can be rambunctious and prone to mischief.
• Care and training: Typically, by the time you adopt a kitten, they'll be fully weaned from their mother and eating solid food. They'll also be mobile and quite capable of climbing, jumping, playing and getting into things, and will have yet to learn that some objects and activities are not good for them. Kittens require a lot of patience and supervision. Before getting a kitten, you'll need to kitten-proof your home by blocking off vents and other dangerous places that are small enough to climb or crawl into, putting cords and electrical cables out of reach, moving house plants where they can't get to them, and securing window screens and doggy doors to prevent them from escaping.

In general, kittens should have received their first vaccinations by the time they're old enough to be adopted, but they may be ready for a booster shot around four months of age. Consult your veterinarian to discuss the best time to spay or neuter your kitten. Your veterinarian can discuss these options, as well as their vaccination schedule when you take them for their first wellness exam. Your vet can also help determine the best methods for controlling fleas and other parasites.

Your new kitten will need to be litter box trained, but the concept is both instinctive and something they learn from their mother, so training is mostly a matter of getting them used to the box and gently reminding them to go there by placing them in it when it looks like they need to go. Otherwise, kitten training mainly focuses on socializing them to people and other animals, and establishing house rules and behavioral boundaries.

• Nutritional needs: Growing kittens need an appropriate amount of protein to support growth and development, without which their growth may be stunted or they may develop health problems. Kittens should be fed a high-quality kitten food that's specially formulated to support their rapidly growing bodies. Kittens can also be fed smaller meals more frequently throughout the day than you would feed an adult cat to keep up with their rapid metabolism. Just remember to adjust their feeding schedule as they grow to avoid any issues with becoming overweight.

Junior Cat Stage (Six Months to Two Years)

The junior life stage is equivalent to human adolescence. During this stage, a cat loses their babyish appearance as they reach physical and sexual maturity. They also outgrows their kitten personality and settles into their true temperament.

• Appearance: As they transition out of the kitten life stage, a junior cat sometimes goes through a bit of an awkward stage as they experience growth spurts that leave them looking long and lanky.
• Behavior: This is a transitional cat life stage, during which they should start settling down and growing out of rambunctious kitten behavior and learning to behave more like an adult cat. By the time they reach about 18 months of age, they'll likely be much calmer.
• Care and training: The vaccination schedule established with your vet should be continued. As your kitty outgrows their kitten behavior and settles into adulthood, they'll need less supervision. Training at this stage is generally about reinforcing rules and boundaries and continued socialization.
• Nutritional needs: At one year of age, it will be time to transition from kitten food to adult cat food. Whether to start feeding adult kibble or canned (wet) food is really a matter of personal preference. Either way, a standard adult formula should meet all their nutritional needs. It's not uncommon for cats at this stage to put on extra weight after being spayed or neutered, so they'll need to be monitored to make sure they're not being overfed. Your veterinarian should walk you through what to expect after the procedure if you choose to have them neutered.

Prime Cat Stage (Three to Six Years)

At this stage, your cat is in the prime of their life — about the equivalent of a human in their twenties and thirties.

• Appearance: A cat at this stage should be at the peak of health and physical fitness. They're as long and tall as they're going to get, and should be filled out but not overweight, with a sleek body and a healthy, shiny coat.
• Behavior: By now your kitty should be fully settled into their natural adult temperament, which varies from cat to cat. Barring the development of any behavior-altering illnesses or disorders, the personality your cat displays now is the personality they'll have for the rest of their life. They should be active and playful, with their routines and  territory well-established.
• Care and training: ;Although in peak health, caring for adult cats in their prime should still involve regular health checkups. By this point, your cat should be fully trained, although they may test boundaries from time to time and need to be gently reminded of the rules. If a cat hasn't outgrown problematic behavior at this stage, you may need to consult a professional trainer for help to correct the behavior, and check with your vet to make sure the undesirable behavior doesn't have an underlying medical cause. If you choose to adopt an adult cat, you can still train them. Cats, unlike dogs, are more independent in nature, so it may seem difficult to train your cat, but it's definitely possible so just be patient with them.
• Nutritional needs: At one year of age, it will be time to transition from kitten food to adult cat food. Whether to start feeding her adult kibble or canned (wet) food is really a matter of personal preference. Either way, a standard adult formula should meet all her nutritional needs. Energy needs decrease after neutering, so it’s important to make sure that your cat is not being overfed.  Your veterinarian should walk you through what to expect after the procedure if you choose to have her neutered.